London. Francis Barrett's The Magus, or 'Celestial Intelligencer,' is published in London by Lackington and Allen. Barrett organizes a circle of students of the Magical and Curious Arts. While we have no lists, it is clear that the British Mystics like Hockley, and his circles, were influenced heavily by the work of Francis Barrett. Indeed, the entire Golden Dawn magical curriculum betrays intimate knowledge of the Magic of Barrett. Barrett is definitely a strong link in the Chain, for his work is almost a direct English translation from the Latin edition of Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy. Some regard it as a direct plagiarism.
London. Towards 1801, Francis Barrett founds an Academy of Magic in the London district of Mary le Bone, composed of no more than 12 pupils. Frederick Hockley knew Barrett through his friend, John Denley, who was a bookseller who specialized in occult books. Hockley worked for Denley and was involved in copying many occult manuscripts for sale. According to Hockley, Denley gave much information to Barrett for his book, The Magus.
Cesena. Marc and Michel Bedarride were initiated into Masonry in the Military Lodge "La Candeur."
In 1801 Monsignor de Savine 'made allusions in prudent and almost terrified terms to some international sect.... a power superior to all others.... which has arms and eyes everywhere and which governs Europe to-day."
Venice. The Rite of Misraim first appears in Venice in 1801, according to Bedarride, and was largely the work of Baron Tassoni. Tassoni's work was seen as a revival of previous Egyptian themes and was a continuation of the work started by Parenti. This early incarnation of the Rite of Misraim did not contain more than twenty degrees.
Port-au-Prince, Island of Santo Domingo. In the Tableau of the Members, for 1801, of the Lodge Reunion des Coeurs, No. 47, chartered in 1789 by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, at Port-au-Prince, in the Island of Santo Domingo, is the following:
"Garde de Sceaux et Archives,"
"Joseph Cerneau, Marchand Orfevre, ne a Villeblerin, age de 37 ans R A R "
Antoine Mathieu Dupotet was Master of the Lodge Reunion des Coeurs at Port Republicain in 1801, and styled on the Register, Prince of the Royal Secret, when Cerneau, Royal Arch and Rose Croix, was Keeper of the Seals and Archives.
31 May. Charleston, S. C. The Supreme Council, of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, established. The first two members of the Supreme Council were Colonel John Mitchell, an officer in the Army of the United States in the War of the Revolution, and Dr. Frederick Dalcho, a clergyman of the Church of England. Eco gives 1804 as the date.
28 June. Paris. The members of the Contrat Social having been dispersed by the Revolution, the position of the Mother Lodge devolved by the statutes on the next oldest Lodge of the system in the capital, and failing this on the senior Lodge of the provinces. It will be perceived that this rule acted as a preventive of any possible fusion of the Rite with any other system, because the creative power remained unimpaired so long as a single Lodge witheld its adhesion. The Senior Lodge in Paris belonging to this system was constituted by the Grand Lodge of France, 19 May 1777, under the title "St. Charles of Triumph and Perfect Harmony of St. Alexander of Scotland;" and the warrant was made out to the Chevalier Delamacque, Perpetual Master -- a proprietary Lodge. At the time of affiliating with the Philosophic Rite -- 1782 -- it changed its name to St. Alexander of Scotland simply. In 1801 it became the Mother-Lodge, and in 1805 the remnant of the Social Contract united with it. The Grand Chapter and Grand Tribunal of course attached themselves to the new Mother.
5 July. Charleston, S. C. Thomas Bartholomew Bowen, Emanuel de la Motta, Abraham Alexander and Dr. Isaac Auld were also Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General, signing as such a warrant from the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem, for a Lodge of Perfection at Charleston.
First widespread experimentation with vaccines begins.
In the Annual Register of the Sublime Grand Lodge of Perfection and other bodies at Charleston, the list of members of the Supreme Council was given, containing the names given above, and those of Israel de Lieben, Moses C. Levy, and Dr. James Moultrie. De la Motta, De Lieben and Levy were Hebrews.
February - March. Charleston, S. C. De Grasse-Tilly in Charleston since at least 21 February, when he received a 33 Patent from the Supreme Council.
1 October. Paris. Marc Bedarride was raised (III) at the Mars and Themis Lodge. After this he was busy setting up a number of Military Lodges.
Paris. Charles Nodier wrote of his affiliation with a secret society he described as "Biblical and Pythagorean."
The British government gives Edward Jenner 10,000 for continued experimentation with "smallpox vaccine." The paradigm that vaccines provide "lifetime immunity" is abandoned, and the concept of "revaccination" is sanctioned.
Iptingen. The Rapps and fellow Harmonists emigrated from Württemberg, Germany. To say that a rigid church orthodoxy reigned in Rapp's day is an understatement. If the Lutheran church to which Jacob Böhme (1575-1624) belonged was hostile to his mysticism in the early seventeenth century, even more hostile to mysticism was the Lutheran ambience in which Rapp lived a century and a half later. The records of the Iptingen Kirchenkonvent (Church Council), collected and published by Arndt, show the kind of conditions that finally drove the Harmonists to leave Germany and come to Pennsylvania.
In the late eighteenth century, the Lutheran church dominated life in Württemberg: secular and religious governments were closely intertwined, and those who separated from the official church were treated with great suspicion. The first official church reports that there were unruly Separatists in Iptingen appear in 1785, and by 1787, the Civil and Religious Affairs Office (Gemeinschaftliche Oberamt) of Iptingen had sent a "Church Patrol" group to visit Rapp's small group, who were reading the works of Jacob Böhme, and Schütz's Die Güldene Rose. . . von der Wiederbringung Aller Dinge [The Golden Rose . . . on the Restoration of All Things].
18 January. Saint-Martin records in his notes that this date completed his sixtieth year, and that it had opened to him a new world. "My spiritual hopes proceed in growth continual. I advance, thanks be to God, towards those great beatitudes which were shown forth to me long ago, and shall crown all joys with which I have been encompassed continually in my, earthly life." A note added in the summer says that he had received certain warnings of a physical enemy and thought it would carry him off as it had done with his father before him. He asked only the help of Providence, that he might hold himself prepared for the event.
By 1803, Rapp and his community were longing to leave Württemberg and its Church Police, and head to North America.
October. Philadelphia. Rapp and his son Johann, a local surveyor in Germany, arrived in Philadelphia, and eventually purchased 3000 acres of land in Butler County, Pennsylvania.
13 October. Aulnay, near Sceaux. In the house of a friend, the Comte Lenoir La Roche, after an apopleptic stroke, Saint-Martin passed painlessly away in a final act of prayer.
The Society of Scientific Masons was formed by Fessler, Mossdorf, Fischer, and others. This was a group with similar aims as those of the Philalethes, i.e., to study the Antiquities of the High Degrees, in particular, and of Freemasonry and related disciplines, in general. If the Fischer listed was Ludwig von Fischer, then this Society probably lasted well into the 1820s.
Marc and Michel Bedarride were initiated into the Rite of Misraim in 1803, we are told... and this year is given as the date when the Rite of Misraim was established in France when a Sovereign Grand Council of Knights Kadosh 70 was created in Paris. It is likely that this is a case of revisionist history, because there are other dates and places and persons involved in these matters...
Eglise Johannites des Crétiens Primitif : Bernard-Raymond Fabré-Palaprat.
For a skit on Napoleon, in 1803, Charles Nodier was imprisoned for some months. He then lived a very unsettled life at Besancon, Dole, where he married, and in other places in the Jura. During these wanderings he wrote La Peintre de Salzbourg, journal des emotions d'un coeur souffrant, suivi des Meditations du cloitre.
16 March. In a letter written to Alexander Tilloch, on this date, Sigismund Bacstrom esplained that Louis de Chazal was initiated into a Rosicrucian Lodge in Paris in 1740, possibly by the famous Count de Saint-Germain himself.
4 July. Baltimore. The ship Aurora brought nearly three hundred immigrants to Baltimore, and in September, another group of two hundred sixty-nine arrived at Philadelphia. The ship's name, Aurora , was also the name of Böhme's first book, seen as an auspicious coincidence. Rapp, eighty of these new settlers, his son John, and Frederick Reichert (shortly adopted by Rapp) began to settle the land in Butler County.
17 December. Havana. Le Temple des Vertus Theologales, No. 103, with Joseph Cerneau as the first Master, chartered at Havana by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania.
The French troops being destroyed in San Domingo, de Grasse returned to France, and established the Supreme Council of France. During the Empire, Cambaceres, the Arch Chancellor, was its Grand Commander, and Massena, Kellerman, Perignon, and other Marshalls of France and Generals were members of it. After the fall of the Empire its labors ceased for a time, but in 1817 or 1818 it was revived, and united with the Supreme Council for America, in France, which de Grasse established.
In 1804 De Grasse gave the Degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to the principal members of the Grand Orient of France; and after the fall of the Empire a Supreme Council in the bosom of the Grand Orient was organized.
Clavel says that about the year 1804, Ledru showed the articles which he found in the escritoire purchased from the estate of his deceased patient, the Duke of Cosse-Brissac, to two of his friends -- de Saintot and Fabré-Palaprat; the latter of whom had formerly been an ecclesiastic. The sight of these documents suggested to them the idea of reviving the Order of the Temple. They proposed to constitute Ledru the Grand Master, but he refused the offer, and nominated Claudius Matheus Radix de Chevillon for the office, who would accept it only under the title of Vicar; and he is inscribed as such on the list attached to the Charter of Larmenius, his name immediately following that of Cosse-Brissac, who is recorded as the last Grand Master.
These four restorers of the Order were of opinion that it would be most expedient to place it under the patronage of some distinguished personage; and while making the effort to carry this design into execution, Chevillon, excusing himself from further official labour on account of his advanced age, proposed that Fabré-Palaprat should be elected Grand Master, but for one year only, and with the understanding that he would resign the dignity as soon as some notable person could be found who would be willing to accept it. But Fabré, having once been invested with the Grand Mastership, ever afterward refused to surrender the dignity.
Among the persons who were soon after admitted into the Order were Decourchant, a notary's clerk; Leblond, an official of the imperial library; and Arnal, an ironmonger...
According to Gould (2 History 118 [1902 Edition]),
"It is immaterial whether the French 'Order of the Temple' is a revival of 'La Petite Resurrection des Templiers,' -- a licentious society established in 1682 -- or an offshoot of the lodge 'Les Chevaliers de la Croix,' 1806......"
According to Peter Partner,
"The new Templarism was associated with a Masonic lodge, that of the Chevaliers de la Croix, which was affiliated to the Grand Orient de France. Many of the Chevaliers de la Croix belonged to the highest French nobility; in appealing to the romantic medievalism of the old nobility the new French Templars followed their German predecessors."
We cannot locate anything that has to do with the Chevaliers de la Croix. Now, they may have been affiliated to the Grand Orient, but that is like saying that Springfield is somewhere in the United States, not far from Cottonwood Creek, where the Smiths live. This might be some relative of the Priory of SION (or what it represents), it might be part of the Philadelphe line, who knows....
Mrs. Cooper-Oakley refers to a publication put out by the Fratres Lucis, entitled Der Signatstern, and terms it an official organ of the Order. It began to appear in small volumes about 1804 and continued for several years, but was not a periodical publication in numbers or in any way corresponding to Transactions. It is in reality a collection of archives, and according to these and the general title of the work there were Seven Grades of Mystical Freemasonry, otherwise of the Order of Knights of Light. Waite concludes that the Order broke up in the early 19th Century, but we cannot agree with him.
Bacstrom letter of this time describes in detail his initiation and his education at the feet of his master, the Comte de Chazal. According to Waite, the student who received this letter goes unnamed. Who could it have been at this time? It is hard to say. It is unlikely that we would be considering Barrett, or Hockley, for the latter would have been too young at the time. Perhaps it was William Henry White's precedessor, who was said in the history of the SRIA to be the last remaining student in London, of a circle of students formed by a certain Venetian Ambassador.
15 February. Butler County. The Rapps formally organized the Harmony Society, and placed all their goods in common. The Harmony Society was extraordinarily successful, not least because of the organizing and negotiating powers of Frederick Rapp. By 1810, the Harmonists numbered nearly seven hundred; and their village included one hundred thirty houses, a church, a hotel, a school, a mill, a brewery and distillery, barns, storehouses, factory buildings, and a tannery.
19 November. Versailles. French Diplomat, and maker of the Suez Canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps, was born at this time. He was descended from a family whose members had long distinguished themselves in the service of the state.
23 December. Paris. Neo Templars grafted onto the Chevaliers de la Croix. Chereau states: "The Masons of the French Rite [i.e., the Grand Orient] hold to the same dogma as those of the Rite of the Orient...the Chevaliers Rose-Croix of the French System are able therefore to be considered as postulants to the Ordre de l'Orient. Not to doubt, the Ordre de l'Orient is the True Primitive Rite, the Rite par excellence, the one that has reached us without any alteration, and consequently the only non-schismatic Rite..." Also: "The Institution of the Orient [i.e., The Ordre de l'Orient] is the only Rite that can prove its origin and a constant exercise of its rights, an UNINTERRUPTED series of facts consigned to the archives of the Institution...., by its special history and that of the VERY EMINENT PRINCES, SUPREME, AND SOVEREIGN MASTERS OF THE ORDER."
Philosophic Scottish Rite (and Contrat Social) resumes its labors.
William Henry White was appointed a Grand Steward (in Grand Lodge of England).
London. Dr. Bacstrom had several pupils when he was living in the London district of Mary le Bone toward 1805. It was also in this district that Francis Barrett was living at the same time. Barrett wrote the Magus, and claimed to be a Frater Rosae Crucis himself.
Paris. Francisco Alvaro da Sylva Freyre de Porto, a knight of the Order of Christ, and a secret agent of King John VI of Portugal, was admitted into the Order of the Temple at this time, and continued a member until 1815. He was one of the few, Clavel says, whom Fabré-Palaprat and the other founders admitted into their full confidence, and in 1812 he held the office of Grand Master's Secretary. Fabré signified his desire to Da Sylva to be recognized as the successor of James de Molay by the Grand Master of the Order of Christ. Da Sylva sent a copy of the Charter of Larmenius to John VI, who was then in Brazil, but the request was denied. The Order of the Temple, which had thus been ingeniously organized by Fabré-Palaprat and his colleagues, began now to assume high prerogatives as the only representative of Ancient Templarism....
In France, a peppery and independent-minded Provençal lawyer and literary scholar called François Raynouard was attracted to the Templars and wrote a verse play, Les Templiers, which was performed with great success at the Théâtre Français early in 1805. This play attracted the attention of Napoleon, then in Pultusk, to compose a critique of it. It would later lead to Raynouard's employment in the Archive project...
Milan. Lechangueur, an officer of one of the Lodges of Milan, becomes a candidate for membership in a new Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. He receives some of the degrees, but is refused the Superior Grades (i.e. 30-33) by the Council. He proceeds to create a system of high degrees that are above the 33 of the AASR, thereby bypassing its authority. The result is the Rite of Misraim. The only established Chapter was in Naples. His colleagues were Joly and Marc Bedarride.
Rockets introduced as weapons in Britain.
Morphine isolated by Sarturner.
Paris. Antoine Guillaume Chéreau publishes Explication de la Croix Philosophique, suivi de Explication de la Pierre Cubique, (i.e., Explanation of the Philosophical Cross together with an Explanation of the Cubic Stone), which explains the origins and significance of the Rose-Croix, at least as far as the French Rose-Croix is concerned. It is the Authentic RIte, all others are mere imitators. Chereau was with the Grand Orient, with the Order of the Orient, and with the Chevaliers de la Croix. These Rites were behind the formation of Fabre-Palaprat's Templar Order. Indeed, this was the "invisible" complement of the more visible Templar Order, with its Primitive Christian Church. The Grade structure of the Order of the Orient suggests that the novices came from the 18th Degree of the Grand Orient Rite. Those at the highest levels of the Order of the Orient match the lowest level of the grades mentioned in Holy Blood, Holy Grail, for the Priory of SION. This could be one of the secret pathways in the Tradition. It is reminiscent of the brilliant quote in Nesta Webster, about the Rose-Croix Mason recruiting a new 18th Degree Initiate into tbe secret Order that ran Europe...
Here is a breakdown of the hierarchy of Grades in the Ordre de l'Orient:
|
1st Class:
|
House of Initiation |
| 1. Initiate | |
| 2. Intimate Initiate | |
| 3. Adept | |
| 4. Eastern Adept | |
|
2nd Class:
|
House of Postulance |
| 5. Great Black Eagle Adept of St. John the Apostle. | |
| 6. Perfect Pelican Adept or Postulant. | |
|
3rd Class:
|
Convent |
| 7. Novice Ecuyer (Squire). | |
| 8. Knight or Levite of the Interior Guard. |
Compare this with the List of Grades in the Priory of SION:
|
0. Free Brothers, or Enfants de Saint Vincent. |
| 1. Ecuyer (Squire). |
| 2. Chevalier. |
| 3. Commander. |
| 4. Croise. |
| 5. Nautonnier. |
So, that in these two lists, we have a continuation, from the Chapter Grades of the Grand Orient, 18th Degree, through the intermediary Order, to the Priory. The Knight or Levite of the Interior Guard undoubtedly was the Head of the Order de l'Orient, and some of the brethren who made the rank of Novice Ecuyer could have been selected to become Free Brothers or Enfants de Saint Vincent, and then officially raised to the Rank of Ecuyer in the Priory when a vacancy occurred. Please note that this is all hypothetical, but as we are finding with our hypotheses, they have a tendency to come true as more research materials become available. So let us hypothesize that we are millionaires, and able to establish a foundation to continue this work unhindered!
A large number of the more valuable books and Manuscripts (of the dissolved Rite of the Philalethes) discovered by Thory and purchased for the Mother Lodge of the Scots Philosophic Rite, which is said (2 Mackey's) to have possessed a mass of valuable archives, in 1811-1812.
12 May. The Marquis de Chefdebien entertained no illusions about Weishaupt, whose intrigues he had always opposed, and in a letter dated 12 May 1806, to the Freemason Rttiers, who had referred to the danger of isolated Masonic Lodges, he asks:
"In good faith, very reverend brother, is it in isolated lodges that the atrocious conspiracy of Philippe (the Duc d'Orléans) and Robespierre was formed? Is it from isolated lodges that those prominent men came forth, who, assembled at the Hôtel de Ville, stirred up revolt, devastation, assassination? And is it not in the lodges bound together, co- and sub-ordinated, that the monster Weishaupt established his tests and had his horrible principles prepared?"
16 July. Baracoa, Cuba. Cerneau receives from Mathieu Dupotet, a Patent in French, attesting that he had received the degrees of the Sublime Masonry, from that of Secret Master, to that of the Grand Elect Knight of the White and Black Eagle, and whereby he was created Deputy Grand Inspector for the northern part of the Island of Cuba, with power to promote Masons to the Sublime Degrees, from the 4th up to and including the 24th, and to confer, in the name of the aforesaid Grand Council (of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret, at Port-au-Prince, the highest degrees of Masonry on a Knight Prince Mason, one only each year, and all brothers were requested to recognize and receive him.
In 1806, Lechangueur was listed as a member of Joseph de la Concorde Lodge. This Lodge was founded by other Italian members of Napoleon's army. Lechangueur was very active in Freemasonry, active in the Reformed French Rite, the Modern French Rite(of which it was said that he was a founder), and a member of the Grand Orient of Italy. Lechangueur was one of several masons including Baron Tassoni who was initiated into the Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite in Paris, and was active in setting up the Scottish Rite within the Grand Orient of Naples. A schism in the Grand Orient of Italy over the new Scottish Rite Council was probably the impetus for Lechangueur and Tassoni to create a new Rite.
New York. Joseph Cerneau appears in New York. He had been a member of Masonic Bodies in the West Indies; carried a Patent from Mathieu Dupotet, certifying he had received degrees of the Scottish Rite of Heredom. It is said that he established there a Rose-Croix Chapter.
Mexico City. Our first authentic Masonic record in Mexico may be traced back to a little house in Mexico City, Calle de las Ratas No. 4, where, as early as 1806 the Masonic Lodge then known as "Arquitectura Moral" held regular meetings. The authorities eventually crush this pioneer Lodge, but more Lodges spring up.
Napoleon defeats Prussia (Germany) at the battle at Jena, causing Prussia to realize that their defeat, they believed, was due to soldiers thinking only about themselves during time of stress in battle. Prussia then took the principles set forth by Rosseau and Locke and created a new three-tier educational system. The Prussian philosopher Fichte, in his Address to the German People, states that the children will be taken over and told what to think and how to think it.
4 March. Paris. Prince Cambaceres, Grand Master of the Grand Orient, was also elected Grand Master of the Philosophic Rite.
27 October. New York City. According to Folger, this is when Joseph Cerneau established the "Sovereign Grand Consistory and Supreme Council of the Thirty-third degree of the Ancient Scottish Rite of Heredom". "He pretended to no more then than the Rite of Perfection in twenty-five degrees." -- Folger.
Frankfurt am Main. Many members belonging to the Asiatic Brethren became members of a German Masonic Lodge called "L'Aurore Naissante" or The Nascent Dawn. Also, individuals and families associated with the Philanthropin school in Frankfurt. Philanthropin was what was known as a Reform School, not as we use the term today, more like what we call "Charter Schools" these days. The Philanthropin school was originally the brainchild of Basedow, an Illuminatus and educational reformer, who established one such institution at Dessau in the previous century, and which was the inspiration for many offshoots. According to some sources, the Nascent Dawn Lodge was originally chartered by the Grand Orient of France.
Frankfurt-am-Main. According to Nazi propagandist and anti-Mason, Dietrich Schwartz, in Freemasonry, Ideology, Organization, and Policy, we get the following particulars concerning the foundation of the Nascent Dawn Lodge:
"1807 Jewish Lodge in Frankfurt am Main
"A fundamental turning point occurred in 1807. Jews gathered together to found a new Lodge in Frankfurt am Main in order to:
"'Create a temple in Frankfurt am Main under the protection of the Grand Orient of France, the most powerful architect of all worlds.'
"This first tolerance lodge, which adopted the name At The Rising Dawn, soon became the entrance tunnel for Jewish Masonic burrowings.
"The famous Ludwig Baruch-Börne was a celebrated guest at this lodge and occupied the office of Brother Speaker, while playing a fateful role as a representative of the Young Germany movement along with Heine, pouring his biting scorn on all that was holy in Germany, calling Goethe a doggerelising farmhand, and the German Folk a Nation of flunkies, who fawningly brought back the royal master's lost crown at the call of Go Fetch!"
Many members belonging to the Asiatic Brethren or Fratres Lucis became members of a German masonic lodge called L'Aurore Naissante (or "the Nascent Dawn") founded in Frankfurt-on-Main in 1807.
Dupotet was on the Register of the Lodge Ecossaise de l'Isle de Sainte Domingue, constituted at Jacmel, as Sovereign Prince of the Royal Secret, while Dominique, St. Paul and Claude Antoine Thory are on it as 33rds Sovereign Grand Inspectors-General.
Thory, who was "Atharsata," or Most Wise, of the French Branch (of HRDM) in 1807 makes the Mason of Heredom; the Knight of the Tower; and the Rosy Cross to correspond with the degrees of Scotch Master; Knight of the East; and Prince Rose Croix; the fourth and last step termed the Sanhedrin he considers "the figurative banquet of the Pascal Lamb," it was converted into the Templar Kadosh.
Eugene Vintras was born in 1807, the illegitimate son of a servant girl. After a charity education he drifted from one unsatisfactory job to another before finding a temporary stability as the foreman of a small cardboard box factory at Tilly-sur-Seule.
French abolish slave trade by law.
England prohibits slave trade.
March. Paris. On the anniversary of the execution of Jacques de Molay, the Order of the Temple (Neo-Templars) celebrated a public requiem for the 'martyred' Grand master in the Church of St. Paul in Paris, near the place of his confinement. The officers of the Order wore medieval costume; they were led by the Grand Master, Fabré-Palaprat, and by an elderly and respected Norman cleric, the Abbé Pierre Romains Clouet, who was described as a Canon of Notre-Dame and also as the "Primate" of the Order. A detachment of troops is said to have taken part in the ceremony, conferring on it a sort of quasi-official character. And the trappings of spurious medievalism were also provided: the brothers displayed 'relics' such as bones and weapons of the martyred Grand Master and of the Dauphin d'Auvergne who was supposed to have perished with him. Under the new Templars the piebald banner of the Order was again solemnly carried.
The full formation of the Cerneau Grand Consistory of the Rite of HRDM, 25, this year, in New York, and announcement takes place in September. The body was styled "The Sovereign Grand Consistory of the Supreme Chiefs of Exalted Masonry of the Ancient Constitutional Rite of Heredom, for the United States of America, her Territories, and Dependencies."
22 May. Paris. Gerard de Nerval, the adopted name of Gerard Labrunie, French man of letters, born in Paris on 22 May 1808. His father was an army doctor, and the child was left with an uncle in the country, while Mme. Labrunie accompanied her husband in his campaigns. She died in Silesia. Any relation to Hippolyte Labrunie???? Army doctor? Was he Army Doctor in the Mission to Egypt? Who knows? But see below, 1811, c.e.
12 July. Frankfurt am Main. "On July 12, 1808, the Grand Orient of France warranted a Lodge in Frankfort, composed chiefly of Jews, under the name of the "Nascent Dawn." This Lodge also was a source of trouble and vexation in later days." -- Gould IV:42.
The Jewish families that established the Frankfurt Judenloge (this was the Masonic lodge the Rothschilds belonged to in Frankfurt) included the Adlers, Speyers, Reisses, Sichels, Ellisons, Hanaus, Geisenheimers, and Goldschmidts. Isaac Hildesheim, a Jew who changed his name to Justus Hiller is credited as being the founder of this Frankfurt lodge. Michael Hess, principal of the Reformed Jewish school Philanthropin was an important figure in the lodge too, as was Dr. Ludwig Baruch (later Borne) who joined in 1808. Most of these Frankfurt Jewish Freemasons engaged in commerce. Those Freemasons from 1817-1842 were the leaders of the Frankfurt Jewish community. -- Fritz Springmeier, Bloodlines of the Illuminati, The Rothschilds.
Here is what Eugen Lennhoff has to tell us about it, in The Freemasons, pages 206 - 7; 208:
"In Germany, however, the Worshipful Master of the 'Three Globes' Lodge declared in 1763 that only Christians could become members of the Order. Other Lodges acted in the same way without a 'Jewish question' arising. This Jewish question first arose when a number of Germans of the Jewish faith, who had been initiated in France, applied to the Grand Orient of France, together with a number of Protestants, for a Charter to set up a Lodge in Frankfort-on-Main. This application being granted, the Lodge received the name 'L'Aurore naissante' ('Nascent Dawn') and began to develop rapidly. Ludwig Börne, the much-praised political author; Bertrand Auerbach, the poet and a passionate supporter of the idea of German unity, who was condemned for his membership of the 'Burschenschaft'; Gabriel Riesser, the successful champion of the Jews in their struggle for equality of civil rights, and other important men were subsequently members of this Lodge. It was in this circle that Börne made his glorious speech, [Complete Works, Vol. 2, xxxix.] many quotations from which have passsed into recent rituals:
"'Masonry is the holy fountain where faded beauty finds once more its adoration; where obscured wisdom regains its light, where weakened strength revives. It is the haven of intimidated loyalty, the balm for injured innocence, the requiter of selfless love.... It destroys the barriers which Prejudice has set up between man and man; it withdraws the golden robe that decks the soulless body. It brings heart to heart, spirit to spirit, strength to strength.... It teaches us to value the tree for its fruits and not for the soil that bears it, nor for the hand that planted it.'
"In a number of German Lodges the masonic reforms then gradually began to have the effect of dismissing the problem of creed, and, in proportion as the Lodges re-approached the original English conception, the idea of tolerance regained the character it had in the minds of the founders of the London Grand Lodge. A very interesting situation was created when the Grand Lodge of England, acting contrary to the view of its Provincial Grand Lodge in Frankfort, now granted a Charter to the 'Nascent Dawn' Lodge, which had seceded from the Grand Orient of France for political reasons. During the discussion, it expressed its wish once again that the 'universal religion' should suffer no restraint. The Grand Master, the Duke of Sussex, whose views on this subject we have indeed already learnt, [see the chapter 'The Reformers.'] expressed himself to German Freemasons with extraordinary clarity.... (pp. 206-207.)
"The Grand Master impressed upon the delegates of the 'Nascent Dawn' Lodge that:
"'Not only in Frankfort but in the whole of Germany do I want to make an Epoch with this Constitution, for I perceive that instead of making progress there, enlightenment is on the decline. I do not ask whether this Constitution pleases the other Lodges very much. . . . The other Lodges have certainly no cause to be ashamed of what the Grand Lodge of England, the first Mother Lodge of all, recognizes.'" -- page 208.
9 September. Paris. Letter from Pyron, representative in Paris of the Grand Orient of Italy, to the Marquis de Chefdebien, in which it is stated that "a member of the sect of Bav." has asked for information on a certain point of ritual."
24 November. Paris. C. A. Thory in the Chair (of the Philosophic Rite). Asheri-Khan, ambassador of the Shah of Persia, was initiated, and presented the Lodge with a sword which had served him in twenty-seven battles.
29 December. Paris. Pyron writes again: "By the words 'sect of B...' I meant W...."...
That there were parallels between Kabbalistic and Tantric traditions concerning the big toe sheds some light on two obscure passages in Swedenborg's diary and Blake's Milton. Moreover, while Blake was completing Milton (ca. 1809-10), he had also resumed his positive interest in Swedenborg, while practising Kabbalistic meditation and studying works on Hindu mythology and art.
23 November. Paris. The Mother Lodge of the Philosophic Rite acquired a curious collection of Indian idols formerly belonging to the Baron de Horn, then lately deceased.
3 December. Paris. Pyron to Chefdebien... "The other word remaining at the end of my pen refers enigmatically to Weis=pt."
29 December. Boston. Birth of Albert Pike.
Burgundy. The Scots Directory was revived. At the same time, in Zurich, the Scots Directory of the 5th Province was revived, and transferred from Zurich to Basel.
Paris. Alphonse Louis Constant (ELIPHAS LEVI ZAHED) born, the son of a poor shoe-maker. He was delicate in his childhood, received no regular education, but his aptitude for learning, his ability to pick up stray bits of knowledge was so great that the neighbors called him 'the clever lad.' He was introduced to the curé of his parish, who had him enrolled at the Seminary of St. Sulpice. The foundations for his education in religion, Qabalah, Magic, as well as scepticism are laid. Some (most) historians give 1810 as his year of birth. "I never took part in the games of other children," he wrote, "I stood apart and vaguely meditated or tried to draw.....the need to love intensely was already tormenting me." [According to other sources, Constant was born in 1801. This would make more sense to us.]
Massachusetts encourages its towns to make provision for the vaccination of inhabitants with cow pox vaccinae.
18 May. Paris. In the Treasury of the Order of the Temple at Paris, an inventory of the relics of the Order was made. All the "experts" add that this was very soon after the relics' construction. Dr. Burnes, who was a firm believer in the legitimacy of the Parisian Order and in the authenticity of its archives. He published a copy of this inventory in his Sketch of the History of the Knights Templars; and Thory published it in his Acta Latomorum. The list can be seen in Mackey's Encyclopaedia of Freemasonry, 1924 Edition, Volume II, 772-773, from which our narrative is also taken.
London. Chabrath Zerek Aour Bokher (Society of the Shining Light) brought to England by Johannes Friedrich Falk.
Paris. Later in his reign, when he had compelled the Pope to send the whole papal Archive to Paris to take its place in the great projected Imperial Archive, Napoleon again thought of Raynouard and the Templars. It had always been conjectured that the most astonishing information about the Templars had been jealously concealed by the Popes in their Secret Archive; when the papal records arrived in Paris in 1810 Raynouard was one of the few French Scholars who were encouraged by the government to burrow there. Raynouard did indeed find and publish important new material on the Templar trial, but it was neither scandalous nor spectacular. The new papal documents tended to reinforce historians' doubts about Templar guilt, but afforded no conclusive proof of their innocence. In 1813, Raynouard would publish Monuments historiques relatifs à la condamnation des Chevaliers du Temple et de l'abolition de lur Ordre. In it he claims that the etymology of the word Baphomet originated with two witnesses heard at Carcassonne who spoke of "Figura Baffometi," and suggests that it was a corruption of "Mohammed".... Being from the Provençale region, and relating facts pertaining to the city of Carcassonne, it would seem possible, too, that Raynouard would have been privy to knowledge pertaining to that part of the world. It would also seem that he would have known of the Jewish usage of the term: Ab-ha-Chokhmah: Father of Wisdom. This is the same as the Arabic -- namely Abu-fi-Hikmat, an honorific title applied to the "Head" of the Community of Maskilim, or Illuminati, which existed in the Languedoc in the 12 - 14th Centuries, and which included such notable personages as the Rabad, Isaac the Blind, and their contemporaries in Narbonne, Lunel, Montpellier, Posquieres, and other nearby regions.
October. Mayence. The author of the most detailed official report, prepared for the Emperor, Archives Nationales, Fr. 6563, is one François Charles de Berckheim, special commissioner of police at Mayence towards the end of the Empire, who as a Freemason is naturally not disposed to prejudice against secret societies. In October 1810 he writes, however, that his attention has been drawn to the Illuminati by a pamphlet which has just fallen into his hands, namely the Essay sur la Secte des Illuminés, which, like many contemporaries, he attributes originally to Mirabeau. He then goes on to ask whether the sect still exists, and if so whether it is indeed "an association of frightful scoundrels who aim, as Mirabeau assures us, at the overthrow of all law and all morality, at replacing virtue by crime in every act of human life." Further, he asks whether both sects of Illuminés have now combined in one and what are their present projects. Conversations with other Freemasons further increase Berckheim's anxiety on the subject; one of the best informed observes to him: "I know a great deal, enough at any rate to be convinced that the Illuminés have vowed the overthrow of monarchic governments and of all authority on the same basis."
Berckheim thereupon sets out to make enquiries, with the result that he is able to state that the Illuminés have initiates all over Europe, that they have spared no efforts to introduce their principles into the lodges, and "to spread a doctrine subversive of all government....under the pretext of the regeneration of social morality and the amelioration of the lot and condition of men by means of laws founded on principles and sentiments unknown hitherto and contained only in the heads of the leaders." "Illuminism," he declares, "is becoming a great and formidable power, and I fear, in my conscience, that kings and peoples will have much to suffer from it unless foresight and prudence break its frightful mechanism [ses affreux ressorts]."
Berckheim also reports that the Tugenbund derived from the Illuminati. "The League of Virtue," he writes, "was directed by the secondary chiefs of the Illuminés....In 1810 the Friends of Virtue were so identical with the Illuminés in the North of Germany that no line of demarcation was seen between them.
At this time, it is said that Adam Weishaupt retires from his activities. From 1785-1810 he worked behind the scenes, in isolation, mostly. It is said that before his death, in 1830, he returned to the Church. It is possible that the next step, from 1810, onwards, was Misraim, or perhaps Memphis, in France. Perhaps it was one of the successor societies, like the Tugenbund, and its offshoots. As we shall see, the offshoots of Illuminism created the atmosphere necessary to bring Marx and Engels into existence, as well as the Master Race ideologists that produced Hitler. But, these are by-products. Art, Culture, Literature, Philosophy, Progress, Political Science, Quantum Physics, Educational Reform, Psychology, in short, all major aspects of Modern Society we, today, take for granted, were inspired by Saint Adam or his co-conspirators or successors and/or offshoots. In Germany, and Austria, we have practically no coverage of the years 1810 -- 1880, with the exception of the Tugenbund.
Berlin. Karl William Naundorff (d. 1845) arrives in Berlin, apparently from nowhere(perhaps Paris), in 1810, with papers giving the name Karl Wilhelm Naundorff, in order to escape the persecutions of which he declared himself the object.
Switzerland. The Scots Directory(Burgundy) was transformed to the National Grand Orient of French Helvetia (Glaire's Helvetic Rite.)
Birth of Thomas Wright. Wright spent most of his life in great poverty. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he held a sizarship and supplemented his income by hack-work, writing a History of Essex subsequently issued in forty-eight monthly parts -- and afterwards made a living by churning out historical and philological works. There are no less than one hundred and twenty-nine separate books by Thomas Wright enumerated in the catalogue of the library of the British Museum; in view of his almost unbelievable literary fecundity it is not surprising that errors abounded in his works. Wright was the first person to establish some sort of link between the Templars, the Medieval Witch-Cult, the Gnostics, and the survival of classical fertility religions and he anticipated many of the conclusions of Margaret Murray.
London. Meanwhile, in London, William Henry White (1778 -- 5 April 1866) became Joint Grand Secretary of the United Grand Lodge of England. His father, William White being the principal Grand Secretary. This office was held conjointly by father and son for three years. He preserved "certain Rosicrucian Papers", which had come into his hands on attaining admission to Freemasons' Hall, supposedly the Nicholas Stone Rituals from 1617. Of these papers, White made no use, but passed them on to Robert Wentworth Little. It is clear that the Cypher Ms., wherever they came from, pertain to the Rites of the 1)Asiatic Brethren or 2) the Golden Rosicrucians. See below, 1886. Also, see above, 1794-5, where we have material on one of the creators of the Asiatic Brethren, Moses Dobrushka, aka Junius Frey aka Franz Thomas von Schoenfeld, hand-picked by Jakob Frank as a successor. This may be one of the actual sources for the real Kabbalistic material.
France. Primitive Rite (Philadelphes) of Narbonne still in existence.
Paris. Wronski moves to Paris.His first memoir on the foundations of mathematics was published there in 1810 but, after it received less than good reviews from Lacroix and Lagrange, Wronski broke off relations with the Institute in Paris.
Among other things he did was design caterpillar vehicles to compete with the railways. However they were never manufactured.
His main work involved applying philosophy to mathematics, the philosophy taking precedence over rigorous mathematical proofs. He criticised Lagrange's use of infinite series and introduced his own ideas for series expansions of a function. The coefficients in this series are determinants now known as Wronskians (so named by Muir in 1882).
Naples. Lechangueur admits Marc and Michel Bedarrides on 3 January (Marc: 77 on 3 January, Michel received the 73 on 3 January and the 77 on 3 December). Lechangueur would not give them the 90, but this was effected by a certain Polacq of Venice, where a rival camp had already been founded. The Bedarride brothers came from Avignon. Patent granted to Michel, by whom the Rite was propagated to France. The transmission, then, would be: Cagliostro -- Lechangueur -- Marc /Michel/Joseph Bedarrides -- then the others.
Hahnemann founds homeopathy.
The London Medical Observer (Vol.VI, 1810) publishes particulars of "535 cases of smallpox after vaccination, 97 fatal cases of smallpox after vaccination and 150 cases of serious injury from vaccination, ten of whom were medical men."
Krupp works open in Germany.
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All Original Material (i.e., arrangement and interpretation),Copyright 1998-2001 e.v., Jonathan Sellers. All Rights Reserved.